Mise en scène
Mise en scène is everything that appears before the camera,
Namely:
the setting
the costume and make-up
the use of figure, expression and movement by actors
the lighting
The style scale
Formalism, expressionism
↔
Realism
Form over content - how things are shown is most important, and beyond a usual representation of reality. Expressionist films are highly stylised, and are characterised by oblique camera angles, distorted shapes, bizarre settings, high contrast lighting and the surreal and subjective.
↔
Content over form - looks like real life - the intent is to make us forget it is a representation. This is the dominant style of most films, and is sometimes referred to as "the style of no style."
Setting
Setting gives a sense of place and time. Whatever the film is, you should always analyse the set because it provides important clues about the nature of the film, such as:
where the action takes place
when the action takes place
the mood
the characters
the genre of the film.
Costume and make-up
Costume and make-up can be considered as part of the set, because they indicate:
the period
the state of society
social class
cultural backgrounds
character traits.
Changes in cosutume indicate changes in charecter, e.g.:
rich to poor
taking off clothes as lowering defenses.
Clothing might also be a trademark.
Figure, expression and movement
Body language
appearance
facial expressions (very significant in close-ups)
sound elements.
The way a character stands and moves is important.
If they are the foreground they might be considered more important.
If they move against a stationary background attention is drawn to them.
Even distribution of characters makes for a balanced shot, whereas uneven distribution is unsettling to the eye.
Positioning of characters within the frame may even indicate emotional distance.