

Each of those individual colors is a hue. Red is a hue. Blue is a hue. Purple is a hue.
You can change the saturation of a hue by adding black (shadow) or white (light). The amount of saturation gives us our shades and tints.
Add varying amounts of black to get shades. Think of the coming darkness and the darkening shadows to remember that a hue plus black equals a shade.
Add varying amounts of white to lighten a hue. The light hues are tints.